2024: d16: ex1: add solution

2024/d16/ex1/ex1.py

@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+
+import enum
+import heapq
+import sys
+from collections.abc import Iterator
+from typing import NamedTuple
+
+
+class Point(NamedTuple):
+    x: int
+    y: int
+
+
+class ParsedMaze(NamedTuple):
+    start: Point
+    end: Point
+    blocks: set[Point]
+
+
+class Direction(enum.IntEnum):
+    EAST = enum.auto()
+    WEST = enum.auto()
+    NORTH = enum.auto()
+    SOUTH = enum.auto()
+
+    def rotations(self) -> tuple["Direction", "Direction"]:
+        match self:
+            case Direction.EAST | Direction.WEST:
+                return (Direction.NORTH, Direction.SOUTH)
+            case Direction.NORTH | Direction.SOUTH:
+                return (Direction.EAST, Direction.WEST)
+
+    def step(self, p: Point) -> Point:
+        dx: int
+        dy: int
+
+        match self:
+            case Direction.EAST:
+                dx, dy = 0, 1
+            case Direction.WEST:
+                dx, dy = 0, -1
+            case Direction.NORTH:
+                dx, dy = -1, 0
+            case Direction.SOUTH:
+                dx, dy = 1, 0
+
+        return Point(p.x + dx, p.y + dy)
+
+
+Node = tuple[Point, Direction]
+
+
+def solve(input: str) -> int:
+    def parse(input: list[str]) -> ParsedMaze:
+        start: Point | None = None
+        end: Point | None = None
+        blocks: set[Point] = set()
+        for x, line in enumerate(input):
+            for y, c in enumerate(line):
+                if c == ".":
+                    continue
+                p = Point(x, y)
+                if c == "S":
+                    start = p
+                elif c == "E":
+                    end = p
+                elif c == "#":
+                    blocks.add(p)
+                else:
+                    assert False  # Sanity check
+        assert start is not None  # Sanity check
+        assert end is not None  # Sanity check
+        return ParsedMaze(start, end, blocks)
+
+    def djikstra(start: Point, end: Point, blocks: set[Point]) -> int:
+        def next_moves(
+            pos: Point,
+            dir: Direction,
+        ) -> Iterator[tuple[int, Point, Direction]]:
+            transitions = [(1, dir.step(pos), dir)]
+            for new_dir in dir.rotations():
+                transitions.append((1000, pos, new_dir))
+            for cost, pos, dir in transitions:
+                if pos in blocks:
+                    continue
+                yield cost, pos, dir
+
+        # Priority queue of (distance, point, direction)
+        queue = [(0, start, Direction.EAST)]
+        seen: set[Node] = set()
+
+        while len(queue) > 0:
+            cost, p, dir = heapq.heappop(queue)
+            if p == end:
+                return cost
+            # We must have seen (p, dir) with a smaller distance before
+            if (p, dir) in seen:
+                continue
+            # First time encountering (p, dir), must be the smallest distance to it
+            seen.add((p, dir))
+            # Add all neighbours to be visited
+            for n_cost, n, n_dir in next_moves(p, dir):
+                heapq.heappush(queue, (cost + n_cost, n, n_dir))
+
+        assert False  # Sanity check
+
+    start, end, blocks = parse(input.splitlines())
+    return djikstra(start, end, blocks)
+
+
+def main() -> None:
+    input = sys.stdin.read()
+    print(solve(input))
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()