From 43018d1302865d72144030887d41155654617649 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bruno BELANYI <bruno@belanyi.fr>
Date: Thu, 22 May 2025 02:44:17 +0100
Subject: [PATCH] 2015: d22: ex1: add solution

---
 2015/d22/ex1/ex1.py | 166 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 166 insertions(+)
 create mode 100755 2015/d22/ex1/ex1.py

diff --git a/2015/d22/ex1/ex1.py b/2015/d22/ex1/ex1.py
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..25cbd5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2015/d22/ex1/ex1.py
@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+
+import heapq
+import sys
+from collections.abc import Iterator
+from typing import NamedTuple
+
+
+class Ennemy(NamedTuple):
+    hp: int
+    damage: int
+
+
+class Effects(NamedTuple):
+    # Effect is active is it is greater or equal to zero
+    shield: int = -1
+    poison: int = -1
+    recharge: int = -1
+
+    def tick(self) -> "Effects":
+        return Effects(*(n - 1 for n in self))
+
+    def shield_active(self) -> bool:
+        return self.shield >= 0
+
+    def poison_active(self) -> bool:
+        return self.poison >= 0
+
+    def recharge_active(self) -> bool:
+        return self.recharge >= 0
+
+    def with_shield(self) -> "Effects":
+        assert self.shield <= 0  # Sanity check
+        return self._replace(shield=6)
+
+    def with_poison(self) -> "Effects":
+        assert self.poison <= 0  # Sanity check
+        return self._replace(poison=6)
+
+    def with_recharge(self) -> "Effects":
+        assert self.recharge <= 0  # Sanity check
+        return self._replace(recharge=5)
+
+
+class Player(NamedTuple):
+    hp: int
+    mana: int
+    effects: Effects
+
+
+MISSILE = 53
+DRAIN = 73
+SHIELD = 113
+POISON = 173
+RECHARGE = 229
+
+
+def solve(input: str) -> int:
+    def parse(input: str) -> Ennemy:
+        return Ennemy(*map(int, (line.split(": ")[1] for line in input.splitlines())))
+
+    def step(player: Player, ennemy: Ennemy) -> Iterator[tuple[int, Player, Ennemy]]:
+        def tick_spells(player: Player, ennemy: Ennemy) -> tuple[Player, Ennemy]:
+            player = player._replace(effects=player.effects.tick())
+            if player.effects.recharge_active():
+                player = player._replace(mana=player.mana + 101)
+            if player.effects.poison_active():
+                ennemy = ennemy._replace(hp=ennemy.hp - 3)
+            return player, ennemy
+
+        # Note: does *not* drain the mana for the spell
+        def possible_spells(
+            player: Player,
+            ennemy: Ennemy,
+        ) -> Iterator[tuple[int, Player, Ennemy]]:
+            if player.mana >= MISSILE:
+                yield (
+                    MISSILE,
+                    player,
+                    ennemy._replace(hp=ennemy.hp - 4),
+                )
+            if player.mana >= DRAIN:
+                yield (
+                    DRAIN,
+                    player._replace(hp=player.hp + 2),
+                    ennemy._replace(hp=ennemy.hp - 2),
+                )
+            if player.mana >= SHIELD and player.effects.shield <= 0:
+                yield (
+                    SHIELD,
+                    player._replace(effects=player.effects.with_shield()),
+                    ennemy,
+                )
+            if player.mana >= POISON and player.effects.poison <= 0:
+                yield (
+                    POISON,
+                    player._replace(effects=player.effects.with_poison()),
+                    ennemy,
+                )
+            if player.mana >= RECHARGE and player.effects.recharge <= 0:
+                yield (
+                    RECHARGE,
+                    player._replace(effects=player.effects.with_recharge()),
+                    ennemy,
+                )
+
+        def boss_turn(player: Player, ennemy: Ennemy) -> tuple[Player, Ennemy]:
+            # Spells are ticked at start of turn
+            player, ennemy = tick_spells(player, ennemy)
+
+            # Ennemy can't attack if they're dead
+            if ennemy.hp <= 0:
+                return player, ennemy
+
+            armor = 7 if player.effects.shield_active() else 0
+            damage = max(1, ennemy.damage - armor)
+            return player._replace(hp=player.hp - damage), ennemy
+
+        # We lose if we run out of hp
+        if player.hp <= 0:
+            return
+
+        # Spells are ticked at start of turn
+        player, ennemy = tick_spells(player, ennemy)
+
+        # Don't spend a spell if the ennemy is already dead
+        if ennemy.hp <= 0:
+            yield 0, player, ennemy
+
+        for cost, player, ennemy in possible_spells(player, ennemy):
+            yield cost, *boss_turn(player._replace(mana=player.mana - cost), ennemy)
+
+    def dijkstra(player: Player, ennemy: Ennemy) -> int:
+        # Priority queue of (mana_spent, player, ennemy)
+        queue = [(0, player, ennemy)]
+        seen: set[tuple[Player, Ennemy]] = set()
+
+        while len(queue) > 0:
+            total_cost, p, e = heapq.heappop(queue)
+            if p.hp <= 0:
+                continue
+            if e.hp <= 0:
+                return total_cost
+            # We must have seen (p, e) with a smaller distance before
+            if (p, e) in seen:
+                continue
+            # First time encountering (p, e), must be the smallest distance to it
+            seen.add((p, e))
+            # Add all neighbours to be visited
+            for cost, p, e in step(p, e):
+                heapq.heappush(queue, (total_cost + cost, p, e))
+
+        assert False  # Sanity check
+
+    ennemy = parse(input)
+    player = Player(50, 500, Effects())
+    return dijkstra(player, ennemy)
+
+
+def main() -> None:
+    input = sys.stdin.read()
+    print(solve(input))
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()