From 31339932f8846a74148705a3c1a4344f05015f6f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bruno BELANYI <bruno@belanyi.fr>
Date: Thu, 26 Dec 2024 21:41:13 -0500
Subject: [PATCH] 2019: d20: ex2: add solution

---
 2019/d20/ex2/ex2.py | 124 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 124 insertions(+)
 create mode 100755 2019/d20/ex2/ex2.py

diff --git a/2019/d20/ex2/ex2.py b/2019/d20/ex2/ex2.py
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..79cc181
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2019/d20/ex2/ex2.py
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+
+import enum
+import heapq
+import sys
+from collections import defaultdict
+from typing import Iterator, NamedTuple
+
+
+class Point(NamedTuple):
+    x: int
+    y: int
+
+    def neighbours(self) -> Iterator["Point"]:
+        for dx, dy in (
+            (-1, 0),
+            (1, 0),
+            (0, -1),
+            (0, 1),
+        ):
+            yield Point(self.x + dx, self.y + dy)
+
+
+class LevelDelta(enum.IntEnum):
+    PATH = 0
+    INNER_GATE = 1
+    OUTER_GATE = -1
+
+
+Graph = dict[Point, set[tuple[Point, LevelDelta]]]
+
+
+def solve(input: str) -> int:
+    def post_process_gates(
+        letters: dict[Point, str], paths: set[Point]
+    ) -> dict[str, set[Point]]:
+        res: dict[str, set[Point]] = defaultdict(set)
+        for p1, first in letters.items():
+            for dx, dy in ((0, 1), (1, 0)):
+                p2 = Point(p1.x + dx, p1.y + dy)
+                if p2 not in letters:
+                    continue
+                gate = first + letters[p2]
+                p0 = Point(p1.x - dx, p1.y - dy)
+                p3 = Point(p2.x + dx, p2.y + dy)
+                res[gate] |= {p0, p3} & paths
+        return res
+
+    def to_graph(paths: set[Point], gates: dict[str, set[Point]]) -> Graph:
+        res: dict[Point, set[tuple[Point, LevelDelta]]] = defaultdict(set)
+
+        for p in paths:
+            res[p] |= {(n, LevelDelta.PATH) for n in p.neighbours() if n in paths}
+
+        outer_x = {min(p.x for p in paths), max(p.x for p in paths)}
+        outer_y = {min(p.y for p in paths), max(p.y for p in paths)}
+
+        for gate, points in gates.items():
+            if len(points) == 1:
+                assert gate in ("AA", "ZZ")  # Sanity check
+                continue
+            for p in points:
+                other = next(iter(other for other in points if other != p))
+                delta = (
+                    LevelDelta.OUTER_GATE
+                    if p.x in outer_x or p.y in outer_y
+                    else LevelDelta.INNER_GATE
+                )
+                res[p].add((other, delta))
+        return res
+
+    def parse(input: list[str]) -> tuple[Graph, Point, Point]:
+        letters: dict[Point, str] = {}
+        paths: set[Point] = set()
+
+        for x, line in enumerate(input):
+            for y, c in enumerate(line):
+                if c == "#" or c == " ":
+                    continue
+                p = Point(x, y)
+                if c == ".":
+                    paths.add(p)
+                    continue
+                letters[p] = c
+
+        gates = post_process_gates(letters, paths)
+        graph = to_graph(paths, post_process_gates(letters, paths))
+        return graph, next(iter(gates["AA"])), next(iter(gates["ZZ"]))
+
+    def djikstra(start: Point, end: Point, graph: Graph) -> int:
+        # Priority queue of (distance, point, level)
+        queue = [(0, start, 0)]
+        seen: set[tuple[Point, int]] = set()
+
+        while len(queue) > 0:
+            dist, p, level = heapq.heappop(queue)
+            if p == end and level == 0:
+                return dist
+            # We must have seen p at this level with a smaller distance before
+            if (p, level) in seen:
+                continue
+            # First time encountering p at this level, must be the smallest distance to it
+            seen.add((p, level))
+            # Add all neighbours to be visited
+            for n, delta in graph[p]:
+                n_level = level + delta
+                # Don't attempt to go out when at the most outer level
+                if n_level < 0:
+                    continue
+                heapq.heappush(queue, (dist + 1, n, n_level))
+
+        assert False  # Sanity check
+
+    graph, start, end = parse(input.splitlines())
+    return djikstra(start, end, graph)
+
+
+def main() -> None:
+    input = sys.stdin.read()
+    print(solve(input))
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()